Essential hypertension and symptomatic hypertension.

{Woman aged 68, for a long time suffered from hypertension (blood pressure  220/110 mm of mercury), was admitted to the clinic complaining of a sharp headache. Breakdowns in the left extremities. After 5 hours she died. Autopsy in the right hemisphere of the brain tissue in a cavity with jagged edges, filled with dark red, elastic blood. What circulatory disturbance has developed in the brain?

~Petechiae
~Hemorrhagic infiltration
=Hematoma
~Local venous congestion
~Thrombosis}


{The patient suffered a lot in the past  from essential hypertension. The death was caused by acute renal failure. What are the characteristic changes in the kidneys that were found at autopsy?

~Renal infarct
~Arteriolonecrosis
=Arteriolar nephrosclerosis
~Malignant hypertension
~Atero-arteriolosklerotichesky nephrosclerosis}

{Name changes typical of kidneys found at autopsy of a male aged 45 who suffered from severe hypertension (blood pressure  240/130 mm of mercury) and died with symptoms of chronic renal failure.

~Large white kidneys
=The kidneys are small, dense, fine-grit surface  
~Large mottled kidney 
~Large lardaceous  kidney 
~Cystic kidney}

{Male aged 30 consulted the doctor with complains of heart pains, palpitations, shortness of breath with little exertion. Over the last 5 years has been a significant increase in blood pressure. The examination revealed adenoma of the adrenal cortex. Your diagnosis?

=Secondary hypertension
~Stage -1 essential hypertension 
~Stage -2 essential hypertension 
~Eccentric hypertrophy of myocard
~Arteriolar nephrosclerosis}

At autopsy male corpse aged 72 years who suffered from hypertension and died of the growing phenomena of autointoxication due to uremia there were found kidneys sized 6,5x2,5x2 cm and their weight was 70.0 g. They were dense, fine-grained surface of parenchyma, especially the cortex, gradually thinned. Microscopic examination showed the majority of nephrons were replaced by connective tissue. What is the name of the state of the autointoxication in this case?

~Acute renal failure
~Hypertensic crisis
=Chronic renal insufficiency  (azotemia uraemia)
~Benign hypertension
~Malignant hypertension

{The patient aged 68 for a long time has suffered from  essential hypertension, died during another sharp extension in blood pressure. At autopsy in brain (cerebrum) there was found massive hematoma in the right subcortical nuclei, many small hemorrhages and "rusty" cysts in the occipital lobe. Your diagnosis?

=The third stage of essential hypertension during crisis 
~Cerebrum anemic infarct
~The first stage of essential hypertension, hypertensic crisis
~Diapedetic hemorrhage 
~Cerebrum hemorrhagic infarction}

{At autopsy of the deceased who for a long time suffered from hypertension, had undergone in the past transmural myocardial and died of chronic cardiovascular disease there was established: the kidneys are small, dense, hypertrophied heart, expanded cavities, large-focal  cardiosclerosis. Your diagnosis?

~Atherosclerosis, cardiac form
=Third stage essential hypertension
~Essential hypertension, preclinical stage
~Second stage essential hypertension
~Secondary hypertension}

{At autopsy of the died of heart failure, enlarged heart revealed a mass of 550 g, fibrinous pericarditis and shrunken dense kidneys of the weight of 50 g with fine-grained surface and evident hyalinosis arterioles and glomeruli. What is the prior disease? Specify it:

=Essential hypertension
~Ąterosclerosis
~Rheumatism
~Pericarditis
~Cardiomyopathy}

{During microscopic examination of tissues of the dead who suffered from hypertension, commonly found hyalinosis arterioles of the kidneys, brain, intestines, elastofibrosis and atherosclerosis in the arteries of elastic and muscular type. What stage of essential hypertension is characterized by these changes?

~Preclinical stage
~First stage essential hypertension
=Second stage essential hypertension
~Third stage essential hypertension
~Hypertensive heart disease with secondary changes}

{55-year-old man died from a massive brain hemorrhage, which arose as a result of hypertension. At autopsy examination there was revealed the typical pathological signs of hypertension. Damage of what blood vessels is a typical feature of essential hypertension?
=Arteriola
~Artery of muscular type
~Artery of elastic type
~Arteries of elastic-muscular type
~ Large vein}
