::  Diseases of kidney  ::

At autopsy of a deceased patient was revealed an adenoma of the prostate gland and enlarged kidneys with a greatly expanded pelvis calyxes filled with a clear liquid. Name the process in the kidneys.
{
= Hydronephrosis
~ Amyloidosis
~ Pyelonephritis
~Tuberculosis
~ Glomerulonephritis
}
The man at the age of 62 years had a kidney removed. The microscopical examination of that kidney revealed a tumor node with a diameter up to 8cm. The tumor tissue on the section was variegated with multiple hemorrhages, foci of necrosis. Histologically, the tumor consists of light cells that form the alveolar and papillary patterns, moderate invasive growth. Pathological mitoses, hyperchromatic nuclei of cells are defined in many tumor cells. Diagnose a tumor of the kidney.
{
~ Clear cell carcinoma
= Adenocarcinoma
~ Acidophil adenoma with malignancy
~ Nephroblastoma
~ Sweetlolita adenoma
}

At autopsy of the 25 years old patient, who died from uremia was found enlarged, mottled, with foci of hemorrhage kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed hematoxiline bodies, capillary membranes of the glomeruli in the form of “wire loops”, hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid necrosis in the vessels of the spleen – onion-like sclerosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
{
~ Systemic sclerosis
~ Rheumatoid arthritis
~ Periarteritis nodosa.
= Systemic lupus erythematosus
~ Rheumatoid arthritis 
}
At autopsy it was found significantly increased right kidney in the volume. A stone was found at the section of it. The lumen of the renal pelvis distended of accumulated in the urine. Renal parenchyma thinned dramatically. What diagnosis is most accurate?
{
~ Amyloidosis of the kidney
= Hydronephrosis
~ Hydroureteronephrosis
~ Pyelectasia
~ Renal cys
}
At autopsy of the deceased, who a long time suffered from cystitis and ureters dyskinesia, the morphological signs of uremia was detected. The kidney was irregularly scarred wrinkled. There was a small urate stones and sand in the lumen of the pelvis. Histologically identified "thyroid kidney", foci of interstitial inflammation. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?
{
~ Amyloid wrinkled kidney
= Chronic pyelonephritis
~ Atherosclerotic wrinkled kidney 
~ Acute pyelonephritis
~ Primary wrinkled kidney
}
A patient who suffered from fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis died at the developing and growing symptoms of renal failure. At the autopsy was felt the smell of urine and hypertrophy of the left ventricle, fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous-hemorrhagic enterocolitis were revealed. The kidneys was a little reduced in size, very dense, with multiple depressions. Histologically, the preparations, stained Congo-red, pink mass in the glomeruli or blood vessels, the death and atrophy of most nephrons, nephrosclerosis. Give the characteristic of the kidney in this disease: 
{
= Amyloid shrunken kidneys
~ Secondary shrunken kidneys
~ Pielonefritis shrunken kidneys
~ Atherosclerotic shrunken kidneys
~ Primary shrunken kidneys
}

The patient has chronic cystitis. The biopsy from the urinary bladder mucosa revealed foci of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium with normal transitional epithelium. What process underlies these changes in the epithelium?
{
~ Hyperkeratosis
= Metaplasia
~ Hyperplasia
~ Dystrophy
~ Dysplasia
}

At an autopsy the increased in size kidneys were found. The surface of kidneys was coarsely bumpy due to the presence of multiple cavities with smooth walls, filled with a clear liquid. What disease are we talking about?
{
~ Pyelonephritis
~ Necrotic nephrosis
= Polycystic
~ Glomerulonephritis
~ Heart attack
}
A woman aged 49 years suffered for a long time suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis, leading to death. On the postmortal examination it was found that the kidneys are 5 cm in size, weight 65 g, dense, with fine-grained surface. Microscopically: fibrinous inflammation of serous and mucous membranes, dystrophic changes in parenchymatous organs, brain swelling. What complication has led to the changes of serous membranes and internal organs?
{
~ Thrombocytopenia
= Uremia
~ Sepsis
~ Anemia
~ DIC-syndrom
}
A 19 years old male since childhood had bronchiectasis. He died from the renal failure. At autopsy, in addition to multiple bronchiectasis cavities filled with purulent exudate found enlarged kidneys with dense consistency; cortex thickened, white and dense. The pyramids of the kidneys was light, anemic. Name the process that developed in the kidney?
{
 = Secondary amyloidosis
~ Chronic pyelonephritis 
~ Secondary nephrosclerosis
~ Congenital cystic kidney 
~ Glomerulonephritis
}